In the Tigray region of Ethiopia, increasing numbers of young people have no access to the land and its resources. Farming land here is already scarce, and many farms are very small. Many young people risk their lives by migrating to countries in the Middle East to work in domestic servitude, while others are resigned to living in extreme poverty. With no opportunities to work close to home, Gebre Egzaibher, 21, felt forced to take a dangerous job as a traditional gold miner close to the Eritrean border. He would stand for 18 hours a day in a river bed panning gold deposits for the equivalent of a £1 a day, and contend with occupational hazards, such as being shot at by Eritrean militias. As life expectancy increases, the potential for subdividing plots of land reduces, leaving many of Ethiopia’s young people with no assets and limited employment opportunities.
The issue of landless youth is fast becoming a national crisis in Ethiopia where 30 per cent of young people are unemployed. In Gebre’s hometown of Sero Tabia, where 2,200 families live, 560 young people are unemployed and have no access to land for earning a living. The prospect of earning money in Middle Eastern countries as a domestic maid or as a construction worker has spurred many young Ethiopians to overseas. But for some the dream has became a nightmare as employers exploit them and ignore their rights. Last month, the Ethiopian government ordered the repatriation of more than 100,000 young Ethiopian migrants illegally working in the Middle East and placed a travel ban on workers going to the region for six months. To help mitigate this crisis of land scarcity and spiralling youth unemployment, Farm Africa, an NGO, which has directors based in Addis Ababa, Nairobi and Dar es Salaam, has begun supplying beehives to 900 landless young people in the Tigray region to give them a resilient means of making a living.
In his first year Gebre expects to sell 16kg of white honey after keeping 15 per cent of his harvest for household and nutritional purposes. He stands to earn £150 a year and has the option of increasing production by splitting the bee colonies.
For a ripple effect
The project will have a ripple effect, says Desta Araya, Farm Africa’s project coordinator. “After the first year of beekeeping and training, the beneficiary will supply another member of the landless youth with one of their bee colonies. If every targeted youth does this, the impact is potentially unlimited.” Ethiopia is Africa’s largest honey consumer and producer. The white honey produced in the Tigray region is widely regarded as a national delicacy and in high demand across the country. Young landless families in Tigray suffer high levels of poverty and malnutrition. But small acts can have big effects; Farm Africa’s beekeeping programme also gives young people an opportunity to build their own businesses and reduce their dependency on diminishing land access.
